Dengue, an emergent viral infection has increased exponentially with the onset of monsoon. Dengue cases continue to climb in TN and across the country too. The effects of climatic change and its consequences increase the incidence of dengue now. Increased population due to urbanization and deforestation have also favored the conditions of the vectors to thrive. Areas with poor sanitation and water stagnation provide an ideal ground for mosquito breeding.
Dengue is caused by the four types of dengue virus which are predominantly transmitted if an infected female Aedes mosquito bites. Considering dengue has no vaccine, it is better to prevent than treating after infection. There is no specific drug too to treat the disease. It is important to take complete bed rest and maintain fluid balance in the body.
Diagnosing dengue
Medics/pathologists use blood tests to check for the presence of viral antibodies in the body. There are two primary tests available to test the infection – molecular testing and antibody testing. The antibody test helps to detect dengue antibodies in an initial blood sample which in turn helps to identify whether the patient is infected with the dengue virus recently. Once the infection is detected Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test will be used to confirm the presence of dengue antibodies and to rule out other viral infections. Molecular testing using PCR detects the presence of the virus and is considered the most reliable means of diagnosis. The positive result from PCR test is considered conclusive.
Initially, it is difficult to diagnose without the support of pathological analysis as the symptoms may resemble other diseases like chikungunya, malaria, and typhoid. If the warning signals are not averted and if the physician ensures early and adequate treatment at the initial stage, then the risks and death rates can be drastically reduced.
Dengue symptoms
Dengue symptoms are difficult to recognize as the early symptoms like fever, headache and body ache resemble those of other diseases like chikungunya, typhoid, and malaria. There are chances for misdiagnosing dengue. While 75% of dengue infections are asymptomatic 20% of infections are mild to moderate. Only 5% of cases are severe dengue and require hospitalization.
The symptoms are
- High fever
- Severe headache
- Paint behind eyes
- Severe joint and muscle pain
- Skin rashes
- Nausea and vomiting
Symptoms of dengue typically lasts for two days to a week. Most people will recover after a week. Something like COVID, the infection does not protect you from recurrence as there are four different dengue viruses. In many cases the second time infection is more serious. Even if you have slightest doubt of it being dengue, visit the doctor to confirm and for further treatment.
“Article authored by
Dr. Thomas George, Diabetologist and General Physician
Fortis Hospital, Vadapalani, Chennai”
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